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About Herbal Medicane
By Geoff D'Arcy Lic.Ac.,D.O.M.
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Eighty percent of the world's population
uses herbal medicine to stay well. |  |
In rural China, 60% of the population rely on herbs for
primary healthcare; and, in Japan, 80% of the
medical doctors have experience with herbal medicine. Herbal
medicines are becoming increasingly more familiar to Americans
-- in
1997 one-third of all Americans used herbal remedies.
And yet, for many others accustomed to the Western medical
model, herbal medicine still seems strange and unknown. The
United States is now breaking out of the medical, scientific,
political, and economic models that put a stranglehold on herbal
medicine. This may well be driven by public opinion. The
public's response to support the Dietary Supplement Health
Education Act of 1994 was the greatest response Washington had
ever seen over any single issue since the Vietnam War.
The public may also be reacting to the dangers of synthetic
drugs. A recent study estimated that 2.1 million serious
injuries and 79,000 to 139,000 deaths each year are due to
adverse reactions to drugs. Even the overuse of
over-the-counter drugs for common ailments can have serious side
effects. In my opinion, there is no need to use a sledgehammer
to hit in a nail. Herbal healthcare offers us a safe, subtle,
effective alternative. As the world speeds toward the mythic
"global village," the knowledge of different systems of herbal
traditions is being shared. It is time to consider the wisdom of
all the treasure houses of experiential herbal knowlege. The
practitioners of Germany, France, Australia, Japan, and China
all use different herbs, relying on different preparations and
traditions to guide their use.
It's time to share and combine the treasures. What ancient
Chinese herbal master wouldn't have been ecstatic to use the
North American herb echinacea in their formulas, if they
had known of its existence or the Polynesian herb kava kava?
What would Europeans have done with ginseng? By
trying to understand the herbal traditions from different parts
of the world we can gain a broader dimension for a more targeted
use of plants for healing. For example, Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM) gives us an "energetic" picture of the
herb, while the resurgence of Western scientific interest gives
us a deeper understanding of its biochemistry. I believe in
uniting these varying dimensions of understanding plants to
better use them as healing agents. TCM has the longest recorded
written history of any herbal medicine Ñ over twenty-five
hundred years of tradition. The truth is, Chinese herbs are no
more potent than the ones growing in your backyard, however,
they have been better observed, both energetically and
biochemically and used in every formula configuration possible.
The D'Arcy Naturals exclusive formulas at this site have been
developed by using superior herbs from all the traditions,
guided into formulas using the wisdom of TCM. Using
Traditional Chinese Medicine 's botanical wisdom as a
foundation, and adding to that the wisdom of modern scientific
research, Ayurvedic, European, North American, and South
American herbal traditions, we come to a very powerful
perspective and the basis for World Herb Formulas. This
website presents a system of herbal healthcare that interacts
with nature to create harmony in the body-mind for personal
wellness. You can use this easily accessible, herbal healthcare
system to gently tap into the body's own healing energy.
Traditional Herbs: Traditional
herbs have an enormous experiential base for their use. Over
thousands of years of trial and error, different traditional
preparations of herbs have evolved. For example, the Chinese
herb rehmannia
in its raw form,( sheng di huang), helps lower fevers
with its cooling effects, whereas rehmannia prepared by
cooking in wine, ( shu di huang), is best used for blood loss
and blood deficiency. In my selection of herbs for formulation
and preparations, I try to remain faithful to the experiential
tenets developed by different cultures.
Organic Herbs: I am a supporter of
organic farming and use more expensive, high-grade organic herbs
wherever possible. However, many herbs are not yet currently
available in organic form.
Selectively Wildcrafted Herbs:
Ethically wildcrafted herbs are gathered or harvested by
wildcrafters who practice strict land stewardship while striving
to uphold ecological balance in their harvests. Entire colonies
of herbs are not devastated for short-term gain; endangered
species are not harvested.
Powdered Herbs: Powdered herbs may
be organic or wildcrafted, or neither, yet they are the most
common herbal supplement category. Powdered herbs can be made
into capsules or tablets and are reasonably priced. Powdering
may not be ideal for sensitive herbs or flowers, because it may
damage active ingredients that break down when exposed to
moisture or oxygen. All powdered herbs are tested for a range of
contaminants and are given a Certificate of Analysis. Even with
today's technology, the exact active ingredients of any
particular herb may not be identified. It may be that the exact
combination of active ingredients is unknown, or that
standardization is impossible. Attempts are made to standardize
herbs, yet in so doing we may be throwing the baby out with the
bath water, as only selected active ingredients are used as the
standard markers. Many herbalists are resisting this
pharmacological, reductionist approach and staying faithful to
the traditional use of herbs. This traditional use employs the
full spectrum of active ingredients, while at the same time,
keeping intact the energetic activity of the whole herb. I
believe in using full-spectrum powdered herbs or full-spectrum
extracted powdered herbs.
Extracted Powdered Herbs: Modern
technology lets us remove the plant cellulose barrier, making
the active constituents more easily digestible and much more
easily assimilated into the bloodstream. This extraction process
keeps the plant ingredients in a full spectrum. The processed
extract contains higher concentrations of active constituents
and a lower concentration of inactives such as starch. For
example, 5 pounds of herb can be processed into 1 pound of
concentrated extract powder. This is usually shown as 5:1 ratio.
The extracts are prepared either as single herbs or combined in
formulas, HPLC tested for heavy metals, and cooked at very high
temperatures that sterilize the herbs during processing. I like
5:1 extracted powders, especially for Chinese herbs, sensitive
herbs, and flowers, because full-spectrum extracted herbs are
completely cleansed by high-temperature processing, without loss
of volatile oils, and they are shipped in such a way that they
are protected from fumigation at the ports of entry.
The following production process is used for the Chinese
herbal extracts that I recommend. Top quality Taiwanese
suppliers have the highest grade Chinese herbs grown on mainland
China. These are then shipped to their pharmaceutical grade
production plant in Taiwan. At the plant the herbs undergo
extensive, complex, scientific procedures:
- Raw herbs are checked for quality both by eye
and with scientific equipment.
- The herbs are
prepared according to the tenets of Chinese medicine. Some herbs
are stir-fried, others wine-fried, and so forth.
- Single herbs or formulas are cooked in large
vats of water in a closed, controlled environment; volatile oils
are collected for reintroduction later in the process.
- The herbs are removed from the decoction; the
liquid is further concentrated, volatile oils are reintroduced,
and the mixture is then sprayed into a vacuum drying chamber.
The concentrate collects on small particles of raw herbs (or, in
some cases, cornstarch) that are introduced into the chamber.
The concentrate is vacuum-dried at low temperature.
- The concentrated herbs are then siphoned into
a clean room where they are bottled, labeled, and sealed.
- After processing, the product undergoes
careful analysis to insure that each lot contains a consistent
amount of active constituents. Each lot is also subject to
strict tests for bacteria level, including tests for E. coli.
Standardized Herbs: German research
showed the leaves of ginkgo are effective for increasing
cerebral and peripheral circulation. The research used extracts
standardized to 24% ginkgo flavon-glycosides. I believe we
should remain faithful to the modern, standardized gingko
extract that produced those results. With saw palmetto berries
there is powerful evidence to use a standardized extract. The
berries contain the lipophilic components (fatty acids) which
are extracted from the berries only when a nonpolar solvent is
used. It is this extracted, standardized saw palmetto berry
extract that has produced the best results in benign prostatic
hyperplasia. Standardized extraction techniques guarantee that
the active ingredients in the herb are at prescribed levels in
precise amounts. The base or medium that carries the
standardized extract should ideally be the 1:1 powdered herb
itself, so you lose nothing of the broad-spectrum constituents
that are usually left behind. The plant's energetics should be
kept whole. Carrying the standardized extract on a base of the
whole herb keeps the energetic signature intact, as well as
carrying the other benefits of the yet-to-be identified
ingredients.
Vegetarian: I find the use of animal
parts or the use of endangered species in herbal medicine
unacceptable and will not use them! Unfortunately, TCM uses many
of these substances. Fortunately, there are alternatives that
make it possible to have 100% vegetarian ingredients. (The
capsules that I use are also vegetarian; the source of many
other capsules is gelatin that is made using horses' hoofs.)
100% Natural: Nature doesn't put
additives in herbs and neither should we! It is not necessary to
add preservatives, yeasts, artificial colorings, calcium
phosphate, magnesium stearate, glidents or flowing agents,
binding agents and other common excipients, or other tricks of
the trade that contribute nothing to the formula or herbs and,
in fact, only serve to dilute the active ingredients, impair
absorption, and artifically increase dosages. Creating herbal
remedies without additives may require more production time and
cost, yet it is worth it, because quality herbs produce quality
therapeutic results.
Liquid Extracts: For liquid extracts --
tea is an example -- herbs are soaked in a liquid to release the
herb's active ingredients. Water is commonly used in these
extractions. In my own practice of Chinese medicine, I concluded
after years of hearing complaints from my patients about the
tedious job of cooking down Chinese herbs into tea, that our
culture is better suited to capsules. When I put the herbs in
capsules for my patients, their willingness to carry out their
complete treatment skyrocketed. People were able to overcome
their taste and smell phobias and even their time constraints to
actually take the remedies and have the herbs be of service to
them. Alcohol extracts, often used in European herbalism, are
usually made with a solvent or mixture of water and grain
alcohol. Different ratios are used, depending upon the nature of
the active ingredients targeted. There are pros and cons to
using alcohol. In Chinese medicine, alcohol is considered very
heating and colors the energetics of the herb. For this reason,
I choose to use herbs in their powdered form.
Formulation Strategy: My strategy of
formulation is not based on ad hoc collections of herbs piled on
top of one another in a cumulative fashion. Formulas are complex
recipes of interrelated herbs and active ingredients, each with
effects intended to synergistically blend with the others. "In
TCM, after hundreds of years of clinical practice, prescriptions
[formulas] have become more scientific and exact. More than
80,000 prescriptions are recorded." (Yue Chongxi, Herbal
Emissaries) Every herb has a down side; good formulas knock the
hard edges off the "star player" with the philosophy the "the
team is greater than its star player" The whole is greater than
the sum of its parts.
The combinations in a formula produce a new therapeutic agent
that treats more effectively and completely the cause, as well
as the symptoms, of a health problem. There are organizing
principles that govern the combining of thousands of active
ingredients in plants to create a harmonized, effective team.
The foundation for the organizing principles I use were laid
down in the first or second century in the Chinese medical text
the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. In the seventy-fourth
chapter of the basic questions (Su Wen) it is stated "That
[ingredient] which primarily treats the disease is the Chief,
that which aids the Chief is the Deputy, that which is bound to
the Deputy is the Envoy/Messenger." Through centuries of
practice, the roles have come to be defined as follows:
- Chief = That which has the greatest power is the
chief ingredient, the primary therapeutic agent.
- Deputy = Added to assist the primary effect of the
chief.
- Assistant = The idea of an assistant has evolved
since the Su Wen was written into standard TCM practice today.
It is added to treat symptoms or to lessen the hard edges of the
chief. For example, it may cool the overheating effect of the
chief.
- Envoy/Messenger = Directs and guides the chief or
smooths the way for its use. Helps carry active constituents
into the body for the best possible absorption. The herbs that I
use in formulation are, on average, 30Ð40% 5:1 extracted
powdered herbs. The remaining 60Ð70% are organic or wildcrafted
(where possible) powdered herbs. I try to limit my use of
standardized extracts, yet I believe there are instances where
they are justified (see discussion on page 8).
Dosage We are all different, some
more robust, some extremely sensitive. Use common sense when
working with dosage levels. In my own practice, I suggest that
patients experiment and intuit their own dosage levels to
achieve results. After using a formula for some time, you may
notice results and want to decrease or even halve the dosage. In
others cases, you may want to increase slightly. Use the
suggested dosage, based upon 500 mg per capsule, only as a
starting point. When combining formulas, try not to use more
than two or three formulas at the same time, as this sends too
many messages into the body-mind.
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