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About Herbal Medicane

By Geoff D'Arcy Lic.Ac.,D.O.M.

  Eighty percent of the world's population uses herbal medicine to stay well.

    In rural China, 60% of the population rely on herbs for primary healthcare; and, in Japan, 80% of the medical doctors have experience with herbal medicine. Herbal medicines are becoming increasingly more familiar to Americans -- in 1997 one-third of all Americans used herbal remedies. And yet, for many others accustomed to the Western medical model, herbal medicine still seems strange and unknown. The United States is now breaking out of the medical, scientific, political, and economic models that put a stranglehold on herbal medicine. This may well be driven by public opinion. The public's response to support the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act of 1994 was the greatest response Washington had ever seen over any single issue since the Vietnam War.

    The public may also be reacting to the dangers of synthetic drugs. A recent study estimated that 2.1 million serious injuries and 79,000 to 139,000 deaths each year are due to adverse reactions to drugs. Even the overuse of over-the-counter drugs for common ailments can have serious side effects. In my opinion, there is no need to use a sledgehammer to hit in a nail. Herbal healthcare offers us a safe, subtle, effective alternative. As the world speeds toward the mythic "global village," the knowledge of different systems of herbal traditions is being shared. It is time to consider the wisdom of all the treasure houses of experiential herbal knowlege.  The practitioners of Germany, France, Australia, Japan, and China all use different herbs, relying on different preparations and traditions to guide their use.

    It's time to share and combine the treasures. What ancient Chinese herbal master wouldn't have been ecstatic to use the North American herb echinacea in their formulas, if they had known of its existence or the Polynesian herb kava kava? What would Europeans have done with ginseng? By trying to understand the herbal traditions from different parts of the world we can gain a broader dimension for a more targeted use of plants for healing. For example, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) gives us an "energetic" picture of the herb, while the resurgence of Western scientific interest gives us a deeper understanding of its biochemistry. I believe in uniting these varying dimensions of understanding plants to better use them as healing agents. TCM has the longest recorded written history of any herbal medicine Ñ over twenty-five hundred years of tradition. The truth is, Chinese herbs are no more potent than the ones growing in your backyard, however, they have been better observed, both energetically and biochemically and used in every formula configuration possible. The D'Arcy Naturals exclusive formulas at this site have been developed by using superior herbs from all the traditions, guided into formulas using the wisdom of TCM. Using Traditional Chinese Medicine 's botanical wisdom as a foundation, and adding to that the wisdom of modern scientific research, Ayurvedic, European, North American, and South American herbal traditions, we come to a very powerful perspective and the basis for World Herb Formulas. This website presents a system of herbal healthcare that interacts with nature to create harmony in the body-mind for personal wellness. You can use this easily accessible, herbal healthcare system to gently tap into the body's own healing energy.

    Traditional Herbs: Traditional herbs have an enormous experiential base for their use. Over thousands of years of trial and error, different traditional preparations of herbs have evolved. For example, the Chinese herb rehmannia in its raw form,( sheng di huang), helps lower fevers with its cooling effects, whereas rehmannia prepared by cooking in wine, ( shu di huang), is best used for blood loss and blood deficiency. In my selection of herbs for formulation and preparations, I try to remain faithful to the experiential tenets developed by different cultures. 

    Organic Herbs: I am a supporter of organic farming and use more expensive, high-grade organic herbs wherever possible. However, many herbs are not yet currently available in organic form.

    Selectively Wildcrafted Herbs: Ethically wildcrafted herbs are gathered or harvested by wildcrafters who practice strict land stewardship while striving to uphold ecological balance in their harvests. Entire colonies of herbs are not devastated for short-term gain; endangered species are not harvested. 

    Powdered Herbs: Powdered herbs may be organic or wildcrafted, or neither, yet they are the most common herbal supplement category. Powdered herbs can be made into capsules or tablets and are reasonably priced. Powdering may not be ideal for sensitive herbs or flowers, because it may damage active ingredients that break down when exposed to moisture or oxygen. All powdered herbs are tested for a range of contaminants and are given a Certificate of Analysis. Even with today's technology, the exact active ingredients of any particular herb may not be identified. It may be that the exact combination of active ingredients is unknown, or that standardization is impossible. Attempts are made to standardize herbs, yet in so doing we may be throwing the baby out with the bath water, as only selected active ingredients are used as the standard markers. Many herbalists are resisting this pharmacological, reductionist approach and staying faithful to the traditional use of herbs. This traditional use employs the full spectrum of active ingredients, while at the same time, keeping intact the energetic activity of the whole herb. I believe in using full-spectrum powdered herbs or full-spectrum extracted powdered herbs. 

    Extracted Powdered Herbs: Modern technology lets us remove the plant cellulose barrier, making the active constituents more easily digestible and much more easily assimilated into the bloodstream. This extraction process keeps the plant ingredients in a full spectrum. The processed extract contains higher concentrations of active constituents and a lower concentration of inactives such as starch. For example, 5 pounds of herb can be processed into 1 pound of concentrated extract powder. This is usually shown as 5:1 ratio. The extracts are prepared either as single herbs or combined in formulas, HPLC tested for heavy metals, and cooked at very high temperatures that sterilize the herbs during processing. I like 5:1 extracted powders, especially for Chinese herbs, sensitive herbs, and flowers, because full-spectrum extracted herbs are completely cleansed by high-temperature processing, without loss of volatile oils, and they are shipped in such a way that they are protected from fumigation at the ports of entry. 

    The following production process is used for the Chinese herbal extracts that I recommend. Top quality Taiwanese suppliers have the highest grade Chinese herbs grown on mainland China. These are then shipped to their pharmaceutical grade production plant in Taiwan. At the plant the herbs undergo extensive, complex, scientific procedures: 

  • Raw herbs are checked for quality both by eye and with scientific equipment.

  • The herbs are prepared according to the tenets of Chinese medicine. Some herbs are stir-fried, others wine-fried, and so forth.


  • Single herbs or formulas are cooked in large vats of water in a closed, controlled environment; volatile oils are collected for reintroduction later in the process. 


  • The herbs are removed from the decoction; the liquid is further concentrated, volatile oils are reintroduced, and the mixture is then sprayed into a vacuum drying chamber. The concentrate collects on small particles of raw herbs (or, in some cases, cornstarch) that are introduced into the chamber. The concentrate is vacuum-dried at low temperature. 


  • The concentrated herbs are then siphoned into a clean room where they are bottled, labeled, and sealed. 


  • After processing, the product undergoes careful analysis to insure that each lot contains a consistent amount of active constituents. Each lot is also subject to strict tests for bacteria level, including tests for E. coli.

    Standardized Herbs: German research showed the leaves of ginkgo are effective for increasing cerebral and peripheral circulation. The research used extracts standardized to 24% ginkgo flavon-glycosides. I believe we should remain faithful to the modern, standardized gingko extract that produced those results. With saw palmetto berries there is powerful evidence to use a standardized extract. The berries contain the lipophilic components (fatty acids) which are extracted from the berries only when a nonpolar solvent is used. It is this extracted, standardized saw palmetto berry extract that has produced the best results in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Standardized extraction techniques guarantee that the active ingredients in the herb are at prescribed levels in precise amounts. The base or medium that carries the standardized extract should ideally be the 1:1 powdered herb itself, so you lose nothing of the broad-spectrum constituents that are usually left behind. The plant's energetics should be kept whole. Carrying the standardized extract on a base of the whole herb keeps the energetic signature intact, as well as carrying the other benefits of the yet-to-be identified ingredients. 

    Vegetarian: I find the use of animal parts or the use of endangered species in herbal medicine unacceptable and will not use them! Unfortunately, TCM uses many of these substances. Fortunately, there are alternatives that make it possible to have 100% vegetarian ingredients. (The capsules that I use are also vegetarian; the source of many other capsules is gelatin that is made using horses' hoofs.) 

    100% Natural: Nature doesn't put additives in herbs and neither should we! It is not necessary to add preservatives, yeasts, artificial colorings, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, glidents or flowing agents, binding agents and other common excipients, or other tricks of the trade that contribute nothing to the formula or herbs and, in fact, only serve to dilute the active ingredients, impair absorption, and artifically increase dosages. Creating herbal remedies without additives may require more production time and cost, yet it is worth it, because quality herbs produce quality therapeutic results. 

    Liquid Extracts: For liquid extracts -- tea is an example -- herbs are soaked in a liquid to release the herb's active ingredients. Water is commonly used in these extractions. In my own practice of Chinese medicine, I concluded after years of hearing complaints from my patients about the tedious job of cooking down Chinese herbs into tea, that our culture is better suited to capsules. When I put the herbs in capsules for my patients, their willingness to carry out their complete treatment skyrocketed. People were able to overcome their taste and smell phobias and even their time constraints to actually take the remedies and have the herbs be of service to them. Alcohol extracts, often used in European herbalism, are usually made with a solvent or mixture of water and grain alcohol. Different ratios are used, depending upon the nature of the active ingredients targeted. There are pros and cons to using alcohol. In Chinese medicine, alcohol is considered very heating and colors the energetics of the herb. For this reason, I choose to use herbs in their powdered form. 

    Formulation Strategy: My strategy of formulation is not based on ad hoc collections of herbs piled on top of one another in a cumulative fashion. Formulas are complex recipes of interrelated herbs and active ingredients, each with effects intended to synergistically blend with the others. "In TCM, after hundreds of years of clinical practice, prescriptions [formulas] have become more scientific and exact. More than 80,000 prescriptions are recorded." (Yue Chongxi, Herbal Emissaries) Every herb has a down side; good formulas knock the hard edges off the "star player" with the philosophy the "the team is greater than its star player"  The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

    The combinations in a formula produce a new therapeutic agent that treats more effectively and completely the cause, as well as the symptoms, of a health problem. There are organizing principles that govern the combining of thousands of active ingredients in plants to create a harmonized, effective team. The foundation for the organizing principles I use were laid down in the first or second century in the Chinese medical text the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. In the seventy-fourth chapter of the basic questions (Su Wen) it is stated "That [ingredient] which primarily treats the disease is the Chief, that which aids the Chief is the Deputy, that which is bound to the Deputy is the Envoy/Messenger." Through centuries of practice, the roles have come to be defined as follows:

  • Chief = That which has the greatest power is the chief ingredient, the primary therapeutic agent.


  • Deputy = Added to assist the primary effect of the chief.


  • Assistant = The idea of an assistant has evolved since the Su Wen was written into standard TCM practice today. It is added to treat symptoms or to lessen the hard edges of the chief. For example, it may cool the overheating effect of the chief. 


  • Envoy/Messenger = Directs and guides the chief or smooths the way for its use. Helps carry active constituents into the body for the best possible absorption. The herbs that I use in formulation are, on average, 30Ð40% 5:1 extracted powdered herbs. The remaining 60Ð70% are organic or wildcrafted (where possible) powdered herbs. I try to limit my use of standardized extracts, yet I believe there are instances where they are justified (see discussion on page 8). 


Dosage  We are all different, some more robust, some extremely sensitive. Use common sense when working with dosage levels. In my own practice, I suggest that patients experiment and intuit their own dosage levels to achieve results. After using a formula for some time, you may notice results and want to decrease or even halve the dosage. In others cases, you may want to increase slightly. Use the suggested dosage, based upon 500 mg per capsule, only as a starting point. When combining formulas, try not to use more than two or three formulas at the same time, as this sends too many messages into the body-mind.

  

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